The Sermon on the Mount is one of the basic biblical texts of Christianity that challenges people to think again and again. This book examines the ethics of the Sermon on the Mount; problems of reception by today's people are also discussed. The other question is how wisdom and eschatology relate to each other in Mt 5-7. Even though the Sermon on the Mount as such represents a composition of Matthew, it retains authentic Jesus words to a considerable extent. That is why not only the eschatology of the Sermon on the Mount is dealt with here, but also the question of how the Kingdom of God and judgment are discussed in the proclamation of Jesus. In view of the disappointed expectation of Jesus and the first Christians, a dialogue with Albert Schweitzer will then find a solution to the hermeneutical problem "What can the Kingdom of God mean for us today?" developed. It concludes with two Christological studies from a research-historical and systematic-theological perspective: "The uniqueness of Jesus in New Testament science and the question of Christian identity" and "Which Jesus is indispensable for Christianity?"