This book provides comprehensive coverage of the advances in theoretical and technical research on the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. Intercropping plays an important role in producing more yields for those countries with a large population and limited arable land, especially for cereal and legume intercropping systems. Maize and soybean are best partners under cereal and legume intercropping conditions. The chapters feature the latest developments in intercropping research and cover such topics as the mechanism of resource-efficient utilization, determination of the optimum planting geometry for maize–soybean strip intercropping system according to the yield advantage, and the application of agricultural machinery for intercropping mechanization. The volume also features the response of intercrops to a light environment based on the methods of physiological and molecular biology, laying the groundwork for future advances in variety breeding and crop field configuration. This book will serve as an invaluable reference for agricultural production, teaching, and research of the cropping system in the future.