The present volume is a collection of selected papers of the international conference on Translation and Modernization in East Asia in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries, organised by the Research Centre for Translation (RCT), The Chinese University of Hong Kong in May 2013. The conference aimed at studying the role played by translation in the modernisation process of the East Asian countries. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people saw the West as a model for modernisation and hence modernisation in East Asia was more often than not taken as a process of learning from or even imitating the West. In this process, translation played a crucial role, when efforts were made to import Western ideas, knowledge, concepts and practices. The articles in this volume study and explain the various translation phenomena in the modernisation process of China, Korea and Japan.