This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of nano electronic transport and applies them to the design, development, characterization and performance evaluation of nano scale transistors. The presentation follows a bottom-up approach, from atomic structures to quantum wells, forming the crux of nano electronics. Coverage focuses on the quantum-mechanical and high-field effects that have impact on the design of optoelectronic devices and other micro-circuits. Concepts are demonstrated with numerous applications to nano layers, nanowires, graphene and carbon nanotubes.