This book contains 38 papers authored by both scientists and practitioners focused on an interdisciplinary approach to the development of cyber-physical systems. Recently our civilization has been facing one of the most severe challenges in modern history. The COVID-19 pandemic devastated the global economy and significantly disrupted numerous areas of economic activity. Only radical increase of efficiency and versatility of industrial production, with further limitation of human involvement, paralleled by the decrease of environmental burden, will enable us to cope with such challenges. We hope that the presented book provides input to the solution of at least some problems brought about by this challenge.  This approach relies on the development of measuring techniques, robotic and mechatronic systems, industrial automation, numerical modeling and simulation as well as application of artificial intelligence techniques required by the transformation leading to Industry 4.0.