This book provides recent theoretical results and applications of the consensus control for nonlinear leader-following systems. Combining adaptive control technique, fuzzy logic systems, neural networks with the other control techniques or approaches, this book investigates the consensus control problem of leader-following systems and proposes the corresponding control scheme. This book intends to provide the readers a good understanding on consensus control based on adaptive control technology. This book can serve as a reference for the main research issues and results on nonlinear multi-agent systems including leader-following systems for researchers devoting to various areas of control theory, as well as a material for graduate and undergraduate students interested in nonlinear multi-agent systems including leader-following systems and their applications. Some prerequisites for reading this book include nonlinear system theory, matrix theory, mathematics, basic graph theory, and soon.