This book presents the effective combination of mathematical statistics, general metrology, and textile metrology to allow data analysis with regard to the evaluation of parameters of fibrous structures. Specialists working in material sciences, where fibrous structures are used, comprehensively understand the specifics of the fabric evaluation and manage in the context of rational use of selected mathematical and statistical methods. In this book, selected methods that are advantageous for data analysis, regardless of whether they are elementary or advanced are presented. The so-called computer-intensive methods are used in many situations when classical statistics is unable to offer a solution, or the solution is too complicated.