This volume comprises a carefully-selected collection of articles emerging from and pertinent to the 2010 CFL-80 conference in Rio de Janeiro, celebrating the 80-year milestone of the CFL (Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy) condition and providing a survey of its most important and current applications. The Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) Condition: 80 After its Discovery will be of interest to practicing mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and graduate students who work with numerical methods.