This volume discusses various methodolo- discoveries and their translation to clinical gies for the diagnosis, therapy, and prog- practice. Oncology will benefit the most nosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Volumes from these various advanced methodologies, 1, 2, 3, and 4 of this series present similar as a combination of the rapies and person- methods for breast cancer, lung and pros- ized medicine will improve early detection tate cancers, and gastrointestinal cancer, of CRC and other cancer types. respectively. The current volume presents The use of anticancer agents, including surgical, radiological, and molecular thera- 5-fluorouracil, fluoropyrimidines, leuc- pies and prognostic biomarkers for CRC. orin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, raltitrexed, A large number of methods, including capecitabine, cetuximab, and bevacizumab, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridiza- is also presented. Preoperative chemora- tion, immunoscintigraphy, RT-PCR, free otherapy is compared with postoperative circulating DNA levels in blood and stool, chemoradiotherapy. In addition, treatments ultrasonography, CT, PET, and MRI are such as immunotherapy, laparoscopic detailed for diagnosing CRC at various surgery, radiofrequency ablation, pho- stages of development. Imaging technolo- dynamic therapy, and preoperative che- gies for assessing the treatment results are radiotherapy, are presented. Preoperative also included as are details related to colon- short-course radiation for resectable r- oscopy and sigmoidoscopy. In addition, the tal cancer is also detailed. role of mircoRNA as a biomarker for this This volume included the efforts of 89 type of cancer is elaborated.