Infectious agents have been recognized to involve the heart and vascular system for well over a century. Traditional concepts and teachings of their involvement in the pathogenesis of disease have been by a few established mechanisms. Since the last decade of the 20th century there has been renewed interest in the medical and public media on infectious diseases affecting the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, through their relationship with the development of acceleration of atherosclerosis. This volume highlights and reviews new perspectives of infections on the cardiovascular system as never before. It is a truly valuable resource for scientists, researchers, residents, and fellows in the fields of infectious disease, cardiology, and microbiology.