This book brings together studies broadly addressing human error and safety management from the perspectives of various disciplines, and shares the latest findings on ensuring employees’ safety, health, and welfare at work. It combines a diverse range of disciplines – e.g. work physiology, health informatics, safety engineering, workplace design, injury prevention, and occupational psychology – and presents new strategies for safety management, including accident prevention methods such as performance testing and participatory ergonomics. It reports on cutting-edge methods and findings concerning safety-critical systems, defense, and security, and discusses advanced topics regarding human performance, human variability, and reliability analysis; medical, driver and pilot error, as well as automation error; and cognitive modeling of human error. Further, it highlights cutting-edge applications in safety management, defense, security, transportation, process controls, and medicine. Gathering the proceedings of the AHFE 2020 International Conference on Safety Management and Human Factors and the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance, held on July 16–20, 2020, USA, the book offers an extensive, timely, and multidisciplinary guide for researchers and practitioners dealing with safety management and human error.