This book discusses the epidemiology and the known cardiotoxic effects of chemoradiation agents in addition to newer therapies in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent expert consensus statements from cardiology and hematology/oncology societies are reviewed in regard to risk stratification of the patient based on the type of treatments they are undergoing. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified with proposed avenues of research that allow for more accurate risk assessment, prediction and potential treatment of the HSCT patient in attenuating the risk of developing cardiovascular comorbidities.