This book combines diverse scientific approaches, such as biotechnology and nanomaterials, to address environmental challenges posed by living organisms like insects, viruses, and bacteria. It serves as a crucial guide for decision-makers providing a scientific foundation for tackling issues within the circular economy paradigm. By introducing innovative methods for enhancing environmental conditions, the book facilitates the design of eco-friendly cities and revitalizes old urban areas. The chapters cover various topics, including the current state and future of international environmental relations, the impact of population growth on pollution, and recent advances in sustainable waste management. Readers will discover insights into the interplay between air pollution, nanomaterials, and bioremediation, as well as the role of artificial intelligence as a predictive tool. The book also addresses critical questions about mine pollution and offers strategies for effective remediation. Particular attention is given to the benefits of nanotechnology in dealing with global warming and climate change, with chapters exploring its application in sustainable agriculture and photovoltaic cells. This publication is invaluable for professionals in the mining industry, researchers, and graduate students engaged in rigorous environmental science research. It reinforces basic remediation concepts while introducing the latest updates, maximizing readers' knowledge of sensor-based remediation. The book presents a multidisciplinary approach, integrating theoretical perspectives with practical case studies. Whether the reader is an academic, practitioner, or interested layperson, this book offers a wealth of information and insights into the future of environmental sustainability and rehabilitation.