This book contains papers by experts from academia, R&D and industry on the state-of-the-art information on materials and processing, materials characterisation and testing, failure analysis, and advances in heat treatment. This book includes papers on advanced manufacturing processes in addition to advances in conventional processes, such as casting and welding. The book includes papers on state-of-the-art characterization techniques and mechanical testing, etc., for advanced materials, such as high entropy alloys and Al and Zr alloys to name a few. Papers on failure analysis case studies from nuclear, automobile, aviation, and oil and gas industry and on ageing management, residual life assessment, and failure mechanisms have relevance to industry. It also includes details on the current challenges, industry standards, and safety aspects for the heat treatment industry. The information provided is a valuable addition to the existing literature and will serve as a reference for R&D, academia, and industry.