This book presents a comprehensive overview of bio-nanocomposites, from the fundamentals to emerging biomedical applications. Bio-nanocomposites have established themselves as a promising class of hybrid materials derived from natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers and organic/inorganic fillers. Different compositions can, therefore, lead to different applications based on the desired performance. This book introduces a variety of biopolymer nanocomposites, from their synthesis to their structure and applications. The fundamentals and systematic advancements in synthesizing bio-nanocomposites and their characterizations have been highlighted. In addition, the biocompatible and bridgeable properties of bio-nanocomposites are investigated in terms of functionalization, dispersion, and surface manipulation. This book also provides insights into the most recent research in bio-nanocomposites as applied to biomedical fields, including tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, food packaging, agriculture, sensors, and therapies. Finally, the book proposes future prospects and challenges associated with bio-nanocomposites to achieve the desired performance in targeted biomedical applications. Given its scope, this book interests students, academics, and researchers working on the synthesis, biological applications, and pharmaceutical uses of biopolymers and associated nanocomposites.