This book begins by providing an overview of clinical biobanks, including their connotation, development process, standard establishment, and prospects. The general section then delves into various aspects of clinical biobanks from both management and technological perspectives, such as overall planning, infrastructure and security, full-process construction and management, informationization construction, quality control system, standard system, ethical construction, and relevant laws and regulations. Finally, the specific section systematically summarizes and highlights the principles and contents of constructing a biobank for representative major diseases and chronic diseases. These include cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's disease, mental disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, orthopedic diseases, hepatitis B and AIDS, tuberculosis, emerging and outbreak infectious diseases, common malignant tumors, childhood leukemia, esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions, gastrointestinal tumors, and gynecologic tumors