This book provides recent theoretical results and applications of the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control for the nonlinear systems with higher input powers. Combining adaptive control technique, fuzzy logic systems, neural networks, Observer-based methods with the other control technique or approaches, this book investigates the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control problem of the nonlinear systems with higher input powers and proposes the corresponding diagnostic mechanisms, Fault estimation algorithm and fault-tolerant control schemes. This book intends to provide the readers a good understanding on fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of the nonlinear systems with higher input powers based on adaptive control technology. This book can serve as a reference for the main research issues and results on nonlinear systems with higher input powers for researchers devoting to various areas of fault-tolerant control theory, as well as a material for graduate and undergraduate students interested in nonlinear system control, especially fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control, and their applications. Some prerequisites for reading this book include nonlinear system theory, matrix theory, mathematics, basic graph theory, and so on.