A provocative contribution to the history of early modern Euro-Asian interactions that provides new perspectives on the encounter between Catholicism and Hinduism in India. By focusing on the Jesuit missionary's discovery of Indian ""pagan"" Hinduism, Zupanov traces the stages of the Jesuit's disconcerting journey into religious relativism or accommodation. At every point of this Euro-Asian encounter, the emerging Catholic communities attempted to twist and turn their own received religion to fit their various collective and/or individual interests. This turning or ""troping"" of the Jesuit message into pre-Christian modes of religious expression produced the ""tropics"" of the title. Drawing upon a variety of sources in Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Tamil, ""Missionary Tropics"" documents the construction of the Indian vernacular Catholicism or ""Tropical Catholicism"" through a complex layering of missionary religious and social intentions and indigenous responses. By following Galenic humoral medical theory, the Catholic missionaries defined paganism as a natural outgrowth of the hot and humid climate. Reflecting the complex layering of the missionaries' religious and social intentions and the subsequent indigenous responses, this book should be of interest to all those who study religious encounters and are interested in the issues of religious conversion in the early modern world, in India, and elsewhere.