This book, belonging to energy discipline, summarized the latest research progress in the development of microbial lipids and biodiesel technologies. This book introduced the concept and development of microbial lipids and biodiesel technologies, the microbial lipid technology based on oleaginous yeasts, filamentous fungi, microalgae, bacteria, and thraustochytrids. Meanwhile, this book introduced the inhibition and removal of lignocellulosic hydrolysis inhibitors on microbial fermentation for lipid production, the isolation and screening of high-yield strains of oleaginous microorganisms, the use of metabolic engineering to transform oleaginous microorganisms, the process engineering technologies for optimization and process improvement, the harvesting of microbial cells and the extraction of microbial lipids, the production of crude biodiesel by esterification of microbial lipids, the biodiesel purification technology as well as the challenges and prospects of the industrialization of biodiesel technology based on microbial lipids. Reading this book will help readers comprehensively understand the latest developments in the field of "microbial lipids and biodiesel technologies". This book takes into account the relevant practical engineering technologies and the latest basic scientific research, and can be used as a reference for the researchers, engineers, investors, policy-makers, and students engaged in clean energy, microbial lipids and biodiesel industries.