This ""Geotechnical Special Publication"" contains 16 papers concerning a variety of timely issues in pavement mechanics. Topics include the characterization, modeling, and simulation of asphalt mixtures, asphalt pavements, and concrete mixtures. Eight of these papers were submitted for publication only, while the other eight were presented at the Symposium on Pavement Mechanics and Materials at the 18th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Division Conference held June 3-6, 2007 in Blacksburg, Virginia.Topics discussed include: modeling and simulations of asphalt concrete; interactions between aggregates, mastics, and voids; use of finite-element-method (FEM) and discrete-element-method (DEM); continuum approaches including nonlinear viscoelastic analysis and temperature dependency; pavement stress and strain analysis; laboratory characterization of modified asphalt concrete; pavement fatigue analysis; tire-pavement interaction; and, coefficient of thermal expansion on concrete for rigid pavement design. ""Pavements and Materials: Characterization, Modeling, and Simulation"" will be valuable to geotechnical engineers, pavement engineers, and all those involved in the field of pavement mechanics.