Over the past decade or so, neural computation has emerged as a research area with active involvement by researchers from a number of different disciplines, including computer science, engineering, mathematics, neurobiology, physics, and statistics. The workshop brought together researchers with a diverse background to review the current status of neural computation research. Three aspects of neural computation have been emphasized: neuroscience aspects, computational and Mathematical aspects, and statistical physics aspects. This book contains 28 contributions from frontier researchers in these fields. Thoroughly re-edited, and in some cases revised post-workshop, these papers collated into this review volume provide a top-class reference summary of the state-of-the-art work done in this field.