The book presents the basic principles, methods and techniques of the industrial production with microorganisms, yeasts, fungi and cells. Central points are the transfer of biological research results into technical scale and the cost effective manufacture of biological products in sufficient quantity and desired quality. Among others main topics include biological models based on metabolic pathway analysis, biochemical kinetics and bioinformatics; construction, operation and control of bioreactors, product recovery and primary separation steps; purification and conditioning with special consideration of pharmaproducts; bioeconimics, bioproduct markets and competitors, product safety and quality and cost estimations. The author points out to future development in the post-genomic era.