This is the fourth book in a series from the National Bureau of Economic Research that addresses economic issues in ageing and retirement. Building on the research in "The Economics of Aging" (1989), "Issues in the Economics of Aging" (1990) and "Topics in the Economics of Aging" (1992), this volume examines relations between elderly population growth and government spending. Chapters cover life expectancy and health, saving for retirement and the role of 401(k) plans, demographic transition and housing values, ageing in Germany and Taiwan, and the utilization of nursing homes and other long-term care.