Short, concise, and easily-accessible, this text uses the 8085A microprocessor and 8051 microcontroller to explain the fundamentals of microprocessor architecture, programming, and hardware. It features only practical, workable designs so that students can develop a complete understanding of the application — with no frustrating gaps in the explanations. An abundance of real-life hardware, software, and schematic interpretation problems prepare students to troubleshoot and trace signals through situations they will likely encounter on the job.