Slavery existed throughout the New World, from Chile and Argentina in the south to Nova Scotia in the north. Thousands of black people were enslaved in the Maritimes, Quebec, and Upper Canada between the seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries. It is not surprising that slavery played a part in Canadian history, but it is startling that it has not received wide-spread attention from the general Canadian public and historians alike. This sourcebook collects a variety of documents, including runaway slave advertisements, letters, court cases, and official government documents, offering readers an opportunity to explore the contours of black slavery in the Maritimes and revise their broader understanding of Canadian history.