Projects supported by GBP8.8 million of funding from the British Government under the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund (ALSF) administered by English Heritage (now Historic England) have completely transformed our understanding of the Palaeolithic and contributed to our understanding of Pleistocene environments in Britain. This is a period of multiple Ice Ages interspersed with warmer periods, which forms the backdrop for human evolution. The benefits to archaeology and for the interpretation of these fragile remains from this ancient epoch have been incalculable. This volume draws together the results of this research in a series of thematic chapters and illustrated text boxes focusing on key techniques, methodologies and case studies, providing a commentary for the non-specialist. Insights obtained from projects have helped to define future priorities and milestones for Palaeolithic research.