Based on rare first-hand historical data, the author presents the analysis of the East Turkestan from the perspective of Islamic social structure, the origin and evolution of thoughts on national revolution, the internal structure of the independence movement and the power structure of the Republic, international relations, and international politics. Since it was first published in 1995, the original Japanese edition of this book has been recognized as the most authoritative research work on the independence movement of East Turkestan so far. The English edition of this book has been greatly revised and enriched to provide valuable references for the prominent issues of Xinjiang today.