The gourd family is one of the most important edible plant families in the world. However, the planting and cultivation of gourd crops are affected by both biological and abiotic stresses. This book presents the latest research on the biological and abiotic stress in Cucurbitaceae crops. It is organized into four sections on “Introduction of Cucurbitaceae Crops”, “Biological Stress in Cucurbitaceae Crops”, “Abiotic Stress in Cucurbitaceae Crops”, and “Molecular Tools for Studies on Cucurbitaceae Crops".