This book reviews the current development of elongated nanostructured metal oxides including nanotubes, nanofibres and nanosheets. The first chapter considers historical overview of the research progress in nanostructured metals and provides brief encyclopaedic style collection of articles, each compiling available data for selected examples of nanostructured elongated metal oxides, including both single (e.g. titanium (IV), vanadium (V), manganese (IV)) and mixed (e.g. aluminosilicates, nickel silicates). The second chapter identifies and reviews general mechanisms of growth of 1 dimensional (1-D) nanostructures. The third chapter is focused on synthetic aspects for preparation of various 1-D metal oxide nanostructures as well as on methods of controlling their morphology and hierarchy. The last chapter provides a comprehensive review of existing and potential applications of 1-D nanostructured metal oxides over a wide range of industrial sectors such as energy conversion, bio-medical materials, surface engineering and defense.