In August of 2006, scientists conducted a rapid inventory of the Nanay-Mazan-Arabela Headwaters, three watersheds in the northwestern Peruvian Amazon. This assessment, presented here in English and Spanish, collects their research on the plants and animals of the region as well as the social and cultural assets of local villages and their use and management of natural resources. The researchers propose recommendations for conservation of the region, including steps to safeguard voluntarily isolated indigenous people.