This book presents, in a unitary frame and from a new perspective, the main concepts and results of one of the most fascinating branches of modern mathematics, namely differential equations, and offers the reader another point of view concerning a possible way to approach the problems of existence, uniqueness, approximation, and continuation of the solutions to a Cauchy problem. In addition, it contains simple introductions to some topics which are not usually included in classical textbooks: the exponential formula, conservation laws, generalized solutions, Caratheodory solutions, differential inclusions, variational inequalities, viability, invariance, gradient systems.