This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, IbPRIA 2011, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, in June 2011. The 34 revised full papers and 58 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 158 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computer vision; image processing and analysis; medical applications; and pattern recognition.