This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Cryptology hosted in Africa, held in Casablanca, Morocco, in June 2008. The 25 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 82 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on AES, analysis of RFID protocols, cryptographic protocols, authentication, public-key cryptography, pseudorandomness, analysis of stream ciphers, hash functions, broadcast encryption, and implementation.