In response to changing security concerns in the post-Cold War era, the European Union and the United States have developed projects intended to maintain their economic interests in the Middle East and North Africa regions while tackling security threats stemming from these regions. The September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States and subsequent Al-Qaeda attacks in Madrid and London have advanced ongoing processes such as the EU's Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) and have led to the Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative (BMENA), a multilateral initiative based on U.S. foreign policy. This book examines the respective aims and interests of the European Union and the United States in these regions along with their approaches, with a special focus on a comparison of the EU-led EMP and the U.S.-led BMENA to answer the question, Are the EMP and BMENA competing or complementary projects