This volume of Progress of the World's Women asks the question "Who answers to women?" at a pivotal moment. It demonstrates that the Millennium Development Goals and other international commitments to women will only be met if gender-responsive accountability systems are put in place both nationally and internationally. Acknowledging that different groups of women encounter distinct challenges in gaining access to their rights, the publication examines how women, including the most excluded women, are strengthening their capacity to identify accountability gaps and call for redress.