This publication aims to assist the United Nations system to mainstream and integrate indigenous peoples' issues in processes for operational activities and programmes at the country level. It sets out the broad normative, policy and operational framework for implementing a human rights-based and culturally sensitive approach to development for and with indigenous peoples, provide lines of action for planning, implementation and evaluation of programmes involving indigenous peoples and duly integrating the principles of cultural diversity into United Nations country programmes. It 1) provides an overview of the situation of indigenous peoples and the existing international norms and standards adopted to ensure the realization of their rights and resolve some of the crucial issues that they face; 2) presents a practical table and checklist of key issues and related rights; and 3) discusses specific programmatic implications for UNCTs for addressing and mainstreaming indigenous peoples' issues.