Harmonised navigation rules are essential to facilitate traffic on inland waterways and ensure safety. The European Code for Inland Waterways (CEVNI) was first established in 1962 and has since that time been maintained by the UNECE Working Party on Inland Water Transport (SC.3). It contains the core uniform rules applicable to the traffic on inland waterways, such as marking on vessels, visual signs on vessels, sound signals and radiotelephony, waterway signs and markings, rules of the road, berthing rules, signalling and reporting requirements, and prevention of pollution of water and disposal of waste. The provisions of CEVNI are traditionally based on the relevant regulations of river commissions for the Danube, Moselle, Rhine and Sava and adjusted to the pan-European scope of the code. With this fifth edition, the Working Party on Inland Water Transport and its expert group on CEVNI have taken into account best practices from the existing traffic regulations of the river commissions and UNECE member States. In particular, this revision updates several articles in relation to small craft, radiotelephony, Inland Automatic Identification System (AIS), prevention of pollution of water and an annex on safety checklist for bunkering fuel is added.