The book is written as a practical guide for researchers who want to know more about the role ontologies play in today's neuroscientific findings and who may want to develop ontologies for their specific research domain. It is geared as a reader for the graduate level and provides a guide to the "best practices" in neurobiological ontology development, culled from leading experts in the development and application of ontologies for representation and meta-analysis of neuroscientific data. The book is divided into four sections: Motivation, Theory, Practice, and Application. An appendix reviews current tools and choices for biomedical ontology development, sharing, and dissemination