The future heralds a potential crisis in power supply in view of growing global and domestic demand for fossil fuel energy, particularly in supplying power for seawater desalination in the case of the Gulf region. The possibility of fossil fuel depletion on the one hand, and the increasing rate of development in the Gulf countries on the other, has prompted the Gulf states to consider the development of peaceful nuclear energy as an alternative source of power generation. Here, leading energy experts from academic, professional and technical backgrounds examine the inherent risks and opportunities associated with the development of nuclear energy in the Gulf. They examine key related issues such as: climate change, security infrastructure and the role of international cooperation in the field of nuclear technology and long-term development.