Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, affecting approximately 2.3 million people in the US. One of the most serious side effects of AF is embolic stroke. Technology developed in the last 10 years has made AF treatable and potentially curable. This issue discusses many of the clinical issues in the management of AF, including cardioversion, anticoagulation, and ablation. Also included are current guidelines for treatment and a view of the future.