Relations between the People’s Republic of China and Japan are still subject to abrupt and periodic diplomatic confrontations and subtle political antagonisms. Though China and Japan have signed four political instruments, including the 1978 Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation, and maintain vibrant economic relations, Beijing and Tokyo too-frequently appear to have difficulty getting along. In this new volume, edited by Gerrit Gong and Victor Teo, a leading group of international scholars delineate underlying causes that strain bilateral Sino-Japanese relations and shape the 21st century international system. This book focuses on the “ideational” aspects of the Sino-Japanese relations—an area contemporary policy-makers and diplomats often neglect. Beyond visible interests and political gains, ideational forces including memories, identities, norms synthesize with nationalism and domestic politics to shape the tone and direction of Sino-Japanese relations and, for better or worse, set the trajectories for these two political and economic giants in the future.