City on the Hill?: The Latin Americanization of Europe and the Lost Competition with the U.S.A.
The U.N. CEPAL/ECLAC data referred to in this study neatly demonstrate that these epochs of globalization in the Nineteenth Century and after 1973 shifted incomes relatively away from Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Japan and in favor of the United States and the "dominions," while the era of regulation after 1945 clearly re-allocated relative incomes to the West Europeans, to the East Europeans, and the Japanese.