The aim of Freudian Unconscious and Cognitive Neuroscience is to create a conception of the "Freudian things" around the unconscious that takes seriously both the clinical data gathered in the scope of psychoanalytic clinical practice during the past 110 years, and the empirical and theoretical achievements of cognitive neuroscience and evolutionary theory. Tensions between the psychoanalytic and other views give a hint that the task is anything but easy.