This book provides an overview of the theories, policies, and practices of penology, the study of punishment and correctional systems. Topics include the history of punishment, prison management, and alternative sentencing methods. It examines the social and psychological impacts of incarceration and rehabilitation programs. Case studies highlight contemporary issues in penal reform and justice. The book emphasizes the balance between punishment, deterrence, and rehabilitation. It is a vital resource for students, researchers, and professionals in criminology and criminal justice.