Many people believe that environmental regulation has passed a point of diminishing returns: the quick fixes have been achieved and the main sources of pollution are shifting from large "point sources" to more diffuse sources that are more difficult and expensive to regulate. The political climate has also changed in the United States since the 1970s in ways that provide impetus to seek alternatives to regulation.



This book examines the potential of some of these "new tools" that emphasize education, information, and voluntary measures. Contributors summarize what we know about the effectiveness of these tools, both individually and in combination with regulatory and economic policy instruments. They also extract practical lessons from this knowledge and consider what is needed to make these tools more effective.



The book will be of interest to environmental policy practitioners and to researchers and students concerned with applying social and behavioral sciences knowledge to improve environmental quality.



Table of Contents


Front Matter
1 Exploring New Tools for Environmental Protection
2 Changes in Pollution and the Implications for Policy
3 Marketing Household Energy Conservation: The Message and the
Reality
4 Knowledge, Information, and Household Recycling: Examining the
Knowledge-Deficit Model of Behavior Change
5 Promoting "Green" Consumer Behavior with Eco-Labels
6 The Public Health Perspective for Communicating Environmental
Issues
7 Understanding Individual and Social Characteristics in the
Promotion of Household Disaster Preparedness
8 Lessons from Analogous Public Education Campaigns
9 Perspectives on Environmental Education in the United States
10 A Model of Community-Based Environmental Education
11 Community Environmental Policy Capacity and Effective
Environmental Protection
12 Changing Behavior in Households and Communities: What Have We
Learned?
13 Government-Sponsored Voluntary Programs for Firms: An Initial
Survey
14 Industry Codes of Practice: Emergence and Evolution
15 Harnessing the "Power of Information": Environmental Right to
Know as a Driver of Sound Environmental Policy
16 Challenges in Evaluating Voluntary Environmental Programs
17 Assessing the Credibility of Voluntary Codes: A Theoretical
Framework
18 Factors in Firms and Industries Affecting the Outcomes of
Voluntary Measures
19 The Policy Context for Flexible, Negotiated, and Voluntary
Measures
20 Understanding Voluntary Measures
21 New Tools for Environmental Protection: What We Know and Need to
Know
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS