The African American at the end of the nineteenth century was described by W. E. B. Du Bois as "two souls in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder." In the United States today, the hyphen between these two souls-African and American, African-American-is still being negotiated. In "Harlem", Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak engages with twenty-four photographs by Alice Attie as she attempts teleopoiesis, which she describes as a reaching toward the distant other through the empathetic power of the imagination. In the hands of Spivak, teleopoiesis is a kind of identity politics in which one disrupts identity as a result of migration or exile. For the last two decades, Spivak notes, Harlem has been the focus of major economic development. As the old Harlem disappears into a present that simultaneously demands and rejects a cultural essence, Spivak dwells in Attie's images, trying to navigate some middle ground between the rock of social history and the hard place of a collective culture.

Filmed/photographed by: Alice Attie