This book is designed as a definitive report on current capabilities of ultrasound imaging and Doppler evaluation of the cerebral circulation, both extracranial and intracranial. The basic chapters are directed to the beginner in ultrasound and hemodynamics and for the expert in updating newly available modalities and techniques new to the field. The ultrasonic and hemodynamic principles are presented for physicians and vascular technologists in a practical way to avoid unnecessary mathematics. The aim is for maximum clinical utilization so that available equipment may be used more efficiently and provide more accurate diagnosis. The selection of authors represents a wide range of the expertise available in the world today. M.P. Spencer Contents Preface V Contributors IX 1. Introduction 1 Merrill P. Spencer, M.D. 2. Ultrasound physical concepts 7 Merrill P. Spencer, M.D., Ronald E. Hileman, Ph.D., John M. Reid, Ph.D 3. Doppler instrumentation 29 Robert S. Reneman, MD., Ph.D., A.P.G. Hoeks, Ph.D. 4. Normal anatomy, anatomical anomalies and collateral Pathways of the blood supply to the brain 43 Robert Ackerstaff, M.D. 5. Normal blood flow in the arteries 57 Merrill P. Spencer, M.D. 6. Normal physiology and pathophysiology of human cerebral blood fuw ~ P.C.M. Mosmans, M.D., E.J. Jonkman, M.D.