This book opens an often nationally focused field of research to a transnational, common European debate. It addresses the ongoing transformation of the civil service, examining its evolving landscape across Europe and exploring the intricate web of historical, social and political influences that are shaping its current state and setting the future direction. Written by experts from different European countries, this book offers a transnational and interdisciplinary perspective on the civil service by combining legal analysis with insights from public management, political science and sociology. It addresses the growing complexity of public administration tasks and the increasing requirements related to the qualification of civil servants, amidst global challenges such as climate change, migration and technological progress. The book is structured to provide both a broad overview as well as in-depth analyses. It covers national developments, presents comparative studies, and tackles intersecting issues such as employment systems, non-discrimination and human rights, digitalisation, artificial intelligence, the fight against corruption, and administrative culture. It aims to identify common European standards and provide practical guidance for public service reforms. The volume will prove to be an indispensable resource for academics, practitioners and policy makers concerned with public administration and governance.