Striking the right balance between public health priorities and health innovation is a critical policy challenge for India given their mutually conflicting nature and interests. India has a huge burden of diseases implicated by a gamut of health problems including the uneven distribution of demographic and epidemiological transition, threat of new infectious disease pandemic like COVID 19, increasing privatisation of healthcare, low affordability to life saving medicines and most importantly the escalating healthcare expenditure coupled with poor financial risk protection. The central question that the book addresses is whether health innovation in India is sensitive to the public health needs and priorities. It unearths the overriding issues related to responsiveness and equity in India's health innovation. The book highlights the need for a responsible innovation framework for India that balances the priorities of public health and the industry goals.