Presenting the proceedings of the International Congress of Studies promoted by the International Center of Studies Urbino e la prospettiva and intended to investigate in its multiple aspects the relationship between the mathematical sciences and the arts, with the contribution of some of the most authoritative experts in the field. This volume analyses with great thoroughness the history and the applications of perspective in art, architecture and science from the Renaissance to the late seventeenth century, and reflects on the role of mathematics in the study and the most recent developments of the discipline.